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Photo Wallpaper Biography
Wallpaper actually began in ancient China, first because the Chinese invented paper, and secondly because they glued rice paper onto their walls as early as 200 B.C.
In 105 A.D., the Chinese court official Ts'ai Lun, invented papermaking from textile waste, i.e. from rags. This was the birth of paper as we know it today.
Some time in the 8th century, several Chinese prisoners with papermaking skills worked under Arabs, who in turn, spread the knowledge of papermaking throughout the Middle East.
By the 10th century, Arabians were substituting linen fibers for wood and bamboo, creating a finer sheet of paper. Paper now reached a much higher quality level.
During 12th century, papermaking had spread throughout Europe.
The earliest European pictorial block prints were religious souvenirs known today as "helgen". The oldest known, a representation of the Virgin, is dated 1418. It is now in the Royal Library at Brussels. This type of printing method may have also been used by the Chinese as early as the 5th century.
Jean Bourdichon painted 50 rolls of paper with angels on a blue background for Louis XI of France in 1481. King Louis ordered the portable wallpaper because he found it necessary to move frequently from castle to castle. Other well-heeled Europeans commissioned artists to paint paper for their walls, but real wallpaper can hardly be said to have existed till the advent of the printing press.
The earliest know fragment of European wallpaper that still exists today was found on the beams of the Lodge of Christ's College in Cambridge, England and dates from 1509. It is an Italian inspired woodcut pomegranate design printed on the back of a proclamation issued by Henry VIII. The paper is attributed to Hugo Goes, a printer in York.
The manufacturing methods developed by the English are significant, and the products from 18th century London workshops became all the rage. At first, fashion conscious Londoners ordered expensive hand painted papers that imitated architectural details or materials like marble and stucco, but eventually wallpapers won favor on their own merits. Borders resembling a tasseled braid or a swag of fabric were often added, and flocked papers that looked like cut velvet were immensely popular.
Wallpaper came to America in 1739, when Plunket Fleeson began printing wallpaper in Philadelphia.
In early America, colonials copied European fashions. After the Revolutionary War, Americans set up workshops of their own. Paper was all the fashion, from neoclassical looks to rambling roses. American firms made their share of patriotic "commemorative" papers, which we have come to know from trunk linings and bandboxes.
In 1778, Louis XVI issued a decree that required the length of a wallpaper roll be about 34 feet.
Frenchmen, Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf invented the first machine for printing wallpaper in 1785. Frenchmen, Nicholas Louis Robert invented a way to make an endless roll of wallpaper around the same time.
In 1798, lithography was invented by Alois Senefelder in Solnhofen, Germany.
By the 1800s, French scenic papers printed with hand-carved blocks, some taking as many as 5,000 blocks to produce, were popular.
In 1839, the English invented a four color surface printing machine with designs hand-cut on cylinders that could print 400 rolls a day. It was invented by the Charles Harold Potter of the calico printing firm Potters & Ross of Darwen in Lancashire, England.
By 1850, eight color printing was available and in 1874, the twenty color printing machine was invented.
Silkscreen printing is said to have originated in Japan and China between 960-1280. Although, it was first patented in England by Samuel Simon in 1907. The first mechanical silkscreen machine was invented in 1920.
In the Victorian era, rooms paraded print upon print, mostly in garish colors, and the advent of machine-made wallpaper put the cabbage rose and arabesque patterns within the budget range of practically every home. Artisans such as Louis Comfort Tiffany and William Morris and their lyrical interpretations of nature, hand-printed by the wood block method, came to symbolize Art Nouveau. The Victorian Era, as one would expect, was a grand time for wallpaper featuring over embellished designs featuring somber colors, but it was in the roaring '20s that wallpaper really took the spotlight for the first time. Known as the Golden Age of Wallpaper, some 400 million rolls were sold during that period.
Photo Wallpaper Biography
Wallpaper actually began in ancient China, first because the Chinese invented paper, and secondly because they glued rice paper onto their walls as early as 200 B.C.
In 105 A.D., the Chinese court official Ts'ai Lun, invented papermaking from textile waste, i.e. from rags. This was the birth of paper as we know it today.
Some time in the 8th century, several Chinese prisoners with papermaking skills worked under Arabs, who in turn, spread the knowledge of papermaking throughout the Middle East.
By the 10th century, Arabians were substituting linen fibers for wood and bamboo, creating a finer sheet of paper. Paper now reached a much higher quality level.
During 12th century, papermaking had spread throughout Europe.
The earliest European pictorial block prints were religious souvenirs known today as "helgen". The oldest known, a representation of the Virgin, is dated 1418. It is now in the Royal Library at Brussels. This type of printing method may have also been used by the Chinese as early as the 5th century.
Jean Bourdichon painted 50 rolls of paper with angels on a blue background for Louis XI of France in 1481. King Louis ordered the portable wallpaper because he found it necessary to move frequently from castle to castle. Other well-heeled Europeans commissioned artists to paint paper for their walls, but real wallpaper can hardly be said to have existed till the advent of the printing press.
The earliest know fragment of European wallpaper that still exists today was found on the beams of the Lodge of Christ's College in Cambridge, England and dates from 1509. It is an Italian inspired woodcut pomegranate design printed on the back of a proclamation issued by Henry VIII. The paper is attributed to Hugo Goes, a printer in York.
The manufacturing methods developed by the English are significant, and the products from 18th century London workshops became all the rage. At first, fashion conscious Londoners ordered expensive hand painted papers that imitated architectural details or materials like marble and stucco, but eventually wallpapers won favor on their own merits. Borders resembling a tasseled braid or a swag of fabric were often added, and flocked papers that looked like cut velvet were immensely popular.
Wallpaper came to America in 1739, when Plunket Fleeson began printing wallpaper in Philadelphia.
In early America, colonials copied European fashions. After the Revolutionary War, Americans set up workshops of their own. Paper was all the fashion, from neoclassical looks to rambling roses. American firms made their share of patriotic "commemorative" papers, which we have come to know from trunk linings and bandboxes.
In 1778, Louis XVI issued a decree that required the length of a wallpaper roll be about 34 feet.
Frenchmen, Christophe-Philippe Oberkampf invented the first machine for printing wallpaper in 1785. Frenchmen, Nicholas Louis Robert invented a way to make an endless roll of wallpaper around the same time.
In 1798, lithography was invented by Alois Senefelder in Solnhofen, Germany.
By the 1800s, French scenic papers printed with hand-carved blocks, some taking as many as 5,000 blocks to produce, were popular.
In 1839, the English invented a four color surface printing machine with designs hand-cut on cylinders that could print 400 rolls a day. It was invented by the Charles Harold Potter of the calico printing firm Potters & Ross of Darwen in Lancashire, England.
By 1850, eight color printing was available and in 1874, the twenty color printing machine was invented.
Silkscreen printing is said to have originated in Japan and China between 960-1280. Although, it was first patented in England by Samuel Simon in 1907. The first mechanical silkscreen machine was invented in 1920.
In the Victorian era, rooms paraded print upon print, mostly in garish colors, and the advent of machine-made wallpaper put the cabbage rose and arabesque patterns within the budget range of practically every home. Artisans such as Louis Comfort Tiffany and William Morris and their lyrical interpretations of nature, hand-printed by the wood block method, came to symbolize Art Nouveau. The Victorian Era, as one would expect, was a grand time for wallpaper featuring over embellished designs featuring somber colors, but it was in the roaring '20s that wallpaper really took the spotlight for the first time. Known as the Golden Age of Wallpaper, some 400 million rolls were sold during that period.
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